DNA sample collection as an effective tool for monitoring the genetic diversity of the wolf population

The genetic status of Finland’s wolf population is monitored through the collection of DNA samples. DNA is an important source of data for population assessments and other research.

Wolf scat samples are collected annually for DNA analysis between November and the end of February. In 2024, DNA samples were collected from almost all established wolf territories (94% of territories had at least one sample collected). Although the genetic status of the Finnish wolf population is relatively good, genetic diversity has declined since the 1990s. Wolves living in eastern and western Finland have formed two genetically distinct subpopulations, making continued monitoring essential.

DNA sampling is a powerful form of citizen science. Samples are collected by active volunteers who spend time outdoors for activities such as hiking, work, or hunting. Collectors receive a sample ID, which they can use to track what the analysis reveals. DNA sample results are also published on the luonnonvaratieto.luke.fi website. In addition to volunteers, staff from Luke and the Finnish Wildlife Agency also participate in sample collection.

Wolf DNA sampling has received considerable media coverage, with the tone being neutral or positive. Many sample collectors say that factual information motivates their voluntary participation. More information about wolf DNA sampling is available on Luke’s luonnonvaratieto.fi website.